Thursday, October 22, 2026

The Bhojpuri People, a Great Community of the Ganges Plains

Across the fertile plains of western Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh, watered by the sacred Ganges, live the Bhojpuri people, one of the largest ethnolinguistic communities of the Indian subcontinent. Named for the Bhojpuri language and often known more broadly as Biharis, they are a people of farmers, singers, and migrants whose culture has travelled from the Gangetic heartland to every corner of the world.

Heirs to the ancient kingdom of Magadha and the birthplace of empires and religions, the Bhojpuri people combine one of the oldest histories in South Asia with a vibrant living culture of folk song, Chhath worship, and a booming film industry. This article traces their origins, language, homeland, society, religion, and traditions, and the great diaspora that has carried them across the globe.

Bhojpuri Culture on Film

Contents

Origins

A village in Gopalganj, in the Bhojpuri heartland of Bihar
A village in Gopalganj, in the Bhojpuri heartland of Bihar

The Name

The Bhojpuri-speaking region across Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh
The Bhojpuri-speaking region across Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh

The Language

The Kaithi script, historically used to write Bhojpuri
The Kaithi script, historically used to write Bhojpuri

The Homeland

Boatmen on the Ganges, the great river of the Bhojpuri plains
Boatmen on the Ganges, the great river of the Bhojpuri plains

The Old Way of Life

Women harvesting rice, the staple crop of the Gangetic plain
Women harvesting rice, the staple crop of the Gangetic plain

Society and Community

Rural women of the north Indian plains
Rural women of the north Indian plains

Religion and Belief

Devotees offering worship during Chhath Puja
Devotees offering worship during Chhath Puja

Traditions

Folk dancers performing in the north Indian tradition
Folk dancers performing in the north Indian tradition

Crafts

Madhubani (Mithila) painting, a celebrated folk art of the region
Madhubani (Mithila) painting, a celebrated folk art of the region

Food

Litti chokha, the signature dish of Bihar and the Bhojpuri region
Litti chokha, the signature dish of Bihar and the Bhojpuri region

Festivals

A devotee during the Chhath festival on the riverbank
A devotee during the Chhath festival on the riverbank

History

Ruins at Nalanda, the ancient seat of learning in Bihar
Ruins at Nalanda, the ancient seat of learning in Bihar

Today

Patna University, in the modern capital of Bihar
Patna University, in the modern capital of Bihar

More Peoples of the World

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