There is a French phrase that carries within it both a golden glow and a deep sadness: la Belle Époque, “the Beautiful Era.” It refers to the decades just before
For seventy-two extraordinary days in the spring of 1871, the city of Paris governed itself. The national government had fled, the regular army had withdrawn, and into the vacuum stepped
Few human lives have bent the course of history as sharply as that of Napoleon Bonaparte. In the space of barely twenty years, an obscure young officer from the island
“L’état, c’est moi” — “I am the state.” Whether or not Louis XIV ever actually uttered those words, they have clung to him for three centuries because they capture the