Every “Harappan” artifact, every reference to the “Harappan civilization” in a textbook, traces back to a single mound beside the Ravi River in Pakistani Punjab where British engineers, laying railway

For most of the second half of the fifteenth century, England tore itself apart. The crown changed hands again and again, kings were murdered, princes vanished, and the great noble

By firelight in the deep dark, Ice Age people painted horses, lions and bison on cave walls up to 36,000 years ago. These are some of the oldest artworks ever made — and they are astonishingly alive.

Before Giza, there was Djoser. Discover the world’s oldest pyramid at Saqqara — who built it, what made it revolutionary, and the debate over what “oldest” really means.

The smoke rising from Turkmen Mountain did not surprise the Turkish public a little. We had compatriots in Bulgaria, Greece and Iraq, but what was Syria? By the way, we

We came down to the earth to fly THREE boxes appeared in sight We took a taste and salt from life We reached out to the Essence of Tengri Kürşad

“THREE MOONS Tuğu” in the script called “Horae Apocalypticae” published in the West in 1860. This Tuğ used by the Ottoman Empire is one of the derivatives of the three-headed

Imagine a ruler who, during his illness, had Muslim, Christian and Jewish subjects all praying for his recovery with their holy books in their hands. After his death, prayers should

With my friend Altançeçeg (golden flower) in Mongolia. Mongolian names come from history, nature and traditions; Unlike many countries, Turkish names are all meaningful, as are the names of other

Cholpan Ata / Kyrgyzstan Many articles have been written on the Turkish sculptural tradition. Since there are countless examples but the meaning of its name is not well emphasized, the